Gear.



F. A. HEADSON.

GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. [8,1913- RENEWED SEPT. 27,19l5.

Patented A r. 25,1916.

ra ine rarer orrior.

FRANK A. HEADSON, F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR T0 H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLJE COMPANY, O]? MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GEAR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed. September 18, 1913, Serial No. 790,513. RenewedSeptember 27, 1915. Serial No. 52,961.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK A. I-lnADsoN, a

' citizen of the United States, and a resident of Milwaukee, in thecounty of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented. certain newand useful Improvements in Gears; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description being had to theaccomfurther objects of the invention will appear from an examination ofthe accompanying drawings which are made a part hereof and from thefollowing description and claims.

The invention consists in the features, combinations of elements, anddetails of construction herein described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings-Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of agear constructed in accordance with my invention and improvements, andshowing a portion of a metallic end plate or housing secured thereto orforming a part thereof, the gear being shown keyed to a shaft; and Fig.2,

a central sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 1 with the shaftshown inelevation.

The gear shown in the accompanying drawings consists of a body portion ahav ing teeth I) integral with the body portion and all formed, bypreference, of non-metallic material, and which body portion and teethmay beof any desired form adapted to accomplish the purposes for whichthe gear is intended to be used, and which nonmetallic body portion orgear is adapted to be mountedbetween metallic end plates or housingmembers 0 which may be of any desired, ordinary or known form' and whichmay be secured to, the non-metallic body portion a by means of bolts d,or other suitable securing means.

and to the letters of ref- The non-metallic body portion of the gearthus formed is adapted to be used either with or without the metallicend plates or housing members and to be secured to a shaft d by means ofa key 7, or other suitable securing means.

In constructing a gear in accordance with my invention, I provide asuitable quantity of material consisting of or fibrous material and abinder of cementitious material adapted to be compressed and vulcanized.

The first mentioned element consists, by preference, of fibrousasbestos, although a relatively small proportion of organic fibrousmaterial, such as hemp, jute or similar organic fibrous material may beused. The second element, or binder consists, by preference, ofcementitious material containing rubber and a filler or body-formingmaterial. The bodyformmg material of the binder may consist of orcomprise zinc, whiting, a barium sulfate compound, such for example asbarytes, blue lead or sulfur, or either of these in combination with anyone or all of the other of said elements. A very desirable form ofbinder comprises or consists of the following elements, in approximatelythe proportions mentioned: rubber 30%, barytes :59%, pulp 5%, lime 2%,litharge 2%, sulfur 8%, blue lead 10%.

The material or composition of which the gear or non-metallic body ofthe article is to be made in accordance with my invention andimprovements thus consists, by preference, of or comprises the abovementioned elements in approximately the following proportions: fibrousmaterial or asbestos, or the first element, 70%, and rubber orcementitious -material forming a binder, or the second element 30%.

The relative proportions of the elements.

above mentioned are by weight and may be varied to a considerableextent, as desired, or as required by varying conditions. Thecomposition may consist of 90% fiber and 10% binder or cementitiousmaterial, or the proportion of cementitious material including rubbermay be increased to 50% of the mass, the remaining 50% consisting offibrous asbestos'or fibrous material; and the relative proportionsof theelements forming the'binder may also be varied to a considerable. extentand the binder may consist 110 including substantially er wholly, ofrubber and The fibrous material or asbestos, whether" in the -form ofnew or raw asbestos or in the form.. of remnants or fragments ofasbestos or asbestos cloth or fabric, is ground or thoroughlydisintegrated or reduced to a finely divided or pulp like condition inany is thoroughly intermixed with thebinder or with the desiredquantityof rubber or-cemen'titious materialcomprising rubber or with.what isknown as rubber cement. The rubber when consisting in part of.remnants ofpacking, belting-on other articles containing rubbeEiaJiinmers ed inor subjected to' the action of, or. gasolene whichserves I to outer dissolve the-rubberesoas to provide a suitablesolution, the gasolene or benzin being allowed to evaporate; The

o rubber-isolution, whether formedof rem.-

nantsof packing,belting orother articles v or of new' mbber or freshcementitious mate5 rial,i s intermixed with the fibrous material whilethe rubber or rubber solution is in -a' liquid or semi-vulcanized orsemi-cured con dition, "Apulp or mass of'm'aterial is thus 4obtained:which 'compriseszrubber or cementitious materialcontainingrubber'in a liquid I fpllasticf or"sem1-vulcanized condition and 4'0.brousmaterial, preferably in the form of l asbestos;- The pulp or massincluding fibrous .material-andrubbe'r orlcementitious matefrial thusprovided, is thoroughly-intermixed V f and placed in 'a mold while therubber solu- 145 tion is in a liquid or-semi-vulca'nized condi- 'tionand the-massjnaplastic condition and is subjected to pressure andsuflicient heat to vulcanize the rubbe'r'orj rubber solution,

ashereinaftervmore'particularly described, '50 the pressure and heatbeing sufiicient and being so. applied as tolreduce'the mass to the Idesired del s y, ze and shape. A suitable quantity of bakelite may beused tin-connedtion. with the rubber and fibrous material or;

'55, may be usedin lieu-of any desired quantity of rubber,althoughrubberiis preferable.

i The mold may-be of any desired, ordinary or well-known formbf moldprovided with :suitable." means for applying; the required pressure andsufficient heat-for the rubber or rubbersolution'orfmass and it is--'therefore deemed unnecessary to illus-z '7 imam deseribesuch momherein The mold should have side'and endwalls and is upper and lewer,relatively mangleold the pulp or material, although it is possibleplates, all adapted to form a. mold chamber having the same shape anddimensions as the article or molded piece to be obtained. The chamberformed by the mold being of such dimensions that when the mold platesare separated the mold will admit between the side and end walls and topand bottom or movable and stationary plates of the mold the requireduantity of pulp or compressible material or forming the desired blank orgearithe portion of the blank or body of whichthe gear teeth are to beformed containing, by preference, sufiicientmaterial or stock to enablegear teeth of suitable form to .be cut. The required heat is applied, byprefer- 'I1C6, by admitting "steam into contact with desired, ordinaryor'w'ell-known manner, and

the mold plates or with the mold plates and mold during; the operationof compressing to first compress the material and then, be forevulcanizin'g it or partially 'vulcanizing,

to place it in aform and then subject it to heat sufficient to vulcanizethe rubber or ,cementitious material or the mass comprising the fibrousmaterial and cementitious material or hinder. Thepulp or compressiblematerial is allowed to cool after being subjected to the required degreeof heat and pressure or to the actionof steam at the requiredtemperature and for the required length of time to suitably vulcanizethe material. A hydraulic pressure of 5000 ounds to the square inch,applied, by pre erence, whilethe material is ma heated condition,

" preferably at a te mperature of 300- F. and

while the material is in a plastic or compressible condition, isfoundfin practlce to be sufiicient'to accomplish the desired result.

In practice the mass is vreduced by means of the. pressure and, duringthe process of vulcanizinfig to approximate y one-fourth or even oneftof the original normal bulk of the mass e pressure sufiiclent tomamtain' the mass this. highly'comp'ressed con- 11 0 dition isinaintained, by preference, during the vulcanizing and also during thecooling ofthe material or1until'the material thus above 250 F. and below600 F. and such '-temperature and required pressure should be-maintaiuedfor about thirty minutes, the

pressure being continued as already sug gested duringthecooling of thematerial er for any desired period in excess of the period of timeduring'which the vulcanizing is accomplished. a 4 H When remnants orfragments of asbestos cloth 'or; iiabric' are used,. such remnants orfragments may be found to contain a quantity of metal-ordinarily in theform of copper or brass wire or particles of copper or brass to theextent of 2%, more or less, of

-of exceedingly small particles which, by

preference, should not exceed in size the particles of ordinary metalfillings or fine powder, such particles beingembedded in the mass andsurrounded by the fibrous material and binder or non-conductorg'"Articles containing a very small proportion of metal thus intermixedwith the nonmetallic material are adapted to be used,

when the electrical conductivity or non-conductivity of the material isunimportant, but the non-metallic elements should be used without anymetal being intermixed therewith when the article or gear is to be anonconductor of electricity and the article or gear embodying myinvention or improvements in its preferred form is by preference formedwholly of non-metallic material intermixed, molded and vulcanized in themanner above described. I

A gear or article constructed or formed of the composition or materialabove described has the advantage of "bein practically noiseless inoperation and of being a non-conductor of electricity. It is practicallywater-proof and oil-proof and will not become excessively hot oroverheated as a result of frictional engagement with other parts when inoperation. It will not wear away faster when overheated in any manner,by extraneous means or otherwise, than when at the ordinary atmospherictemperature and will not unduly expand or contract with variations intemperature. It issufficiently strong to withstand all stresses andstrains to which such a gear or article is of Y necessity subjected inuse, and has great durability and strength.

I claim:

1. A gear or other article of the class described, comprising incombination, fibrous asbestos, cementitious material containing rubber,and a barium sulfate compound, all compressed together and vulcanized.

2. A gear of the class described, comprising in combination, fibrousasbestos, cementitious material containing rubber, barytes, and sulfur,all compressed together to a density in excess of the normal density ofthe mass and vulcanized.

3. A nonmetallic gear, comprising fibrous asbestos, and a bindercontaining rubber,

barytes, and sulfur, all compressed together and condensed to less thanone-fourth of the original bulk of the mass and vulcanized.

4. A gear body of the -class described formed of a compositioncomprising, in combination, fibrous asbestos, cementitious materialcontaining rubber and sulfur, and a filler having the characteristics ofa finely divided solid mineral substance all inter-. mixed in the formof a pulp and compressed into a rigid mass and vulcanized.

5. A gear body of the class described formed of a compositioncomprising, in combination, fibrous asbestos, cementitious materialcontaining rubber and sulfur, and a filler having the-characteristics ofa finely divided solid mineral substance, including disintegrated metal,all intermixed in the form of a pulp and compressed into a rigid massand vulcanized.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I aflix mysignature in the presence of two witnesses, this 15th day of September,A. D. 1913.

FRANK A. HEADSON.

Witnesses: WM. T. BAIN, J. L. AOHTERBERG.

